1. Kubvisa mafuta
Kubvisa girisi ndeyekubvisa girisi kubva panzvimbo yebasa uye kuendesa girizi muzvinhu zvinonyungudika kana emulsify uye kuparadzira girisi kuti ive yakaenzana uye yakagadzikana mumvura yekugezesa zvichibva pane saponification, solubilization, wetting, dispersion uye emulsification mhedzisiro pamhando dzakasiyana dzegirisi kubva pakudonha. vamiririri.Maitiro ekuongorora ekudzikisa kunaka ndeaya: pamusoro peiyo workpiece haifanirwe kunge iine girisi yekuona, emulsion kana imwe tsvina mushure mekudzikira, uye kumusoro kunofanirwa kunyorova nemvura mushure mekugeza.Hunhu hwekudzikisira hunonyanya kuenderana nezvinhu zvishanu, zvinosanganisira yemahara alkalinity, tembiricha yekubvisa greasing solution, nguva yekugadzirisa, mechanical action, uye oiri yemukati me degreasing solution.
1.1 Yemahara alkalinity (FAL)
Chete chakakodzera kuunganidzwa kwe degreasing agent inogona kuwana yakanakisa mhedzisiro.Iyo yemahara alkalinity (FAL) yemushonga wekudzikisa unofanirwa kuonekwa.Yakaderera FAL inoderedza kubviswa kwemafuta, uye yakakwira FAL ichawedzera mutengo wezvinhu, kuwedzera mutoro pakugezwa kwepashure-kurapa, uye kunyange kusvibisa iyo yepasi activating uye phosphating.
1.2 Tembiricha ye degreasing solution
Yese mhando yemhinduro yekubvisa mafuta inofanirwa kushandiswa pane yakanyanya kudziya tembiricha.Kana tembiricha yakaderera pane zvinodiwa maitiro, degreasing mhinduro haigone kupa kutamba kwakazara kune degreasing;kana tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya, kushandiswa kwesimba kuchawedzerwa, uye mhedzisiro yakaipa ichaonekwa, saka degreasing agent inobuda nekukurumidza uye nekukurumidza kuoma kwepasi, izvo zvinokonzeresa ngura, alkali mavara uye oxidation, zvinokanganisa kunaka kwephosphating yeinotevera maitiro. .Automatic tembiricha control inofanirwawo kugara yakagadziriswa.
1.3 Nguva yekugadzirisa
Iyo yekudzikisa mhinduro inofanirwa kunge yakabatana zvizere nemafuta pane workpiece yekubata yakakwana uye yekupindura nguva, kuti uwane zvirinani degreasing maitiro.Nekudaro, kana degreasing nguva yakarebesa, kupusa kweiyo workpiece pamusoro kuchawedzerwa.
1.4 Mechanical chiito
Pombi kutenderera kana workpiece kufamba mu degreasing process, inowedzerwa ne mechanical chiito, inogona kusimbisa kubviswa kwemafuta kunyatsoshanda uye kupfupisa nguva yekunyura nekuchenesa;sipidhi yekupfapfaidza degreasing inodarika zvakapetwa ka10 pane yekunyudza degreasing.
1.5 Oiri yemukati ye degreasing solution
Iko kudzokororwa kushandiswa kwemvura yekugezesa kucharamba kuchiwedzera huwandu hwemafuta mumvura yekugezesa, uye kana mafuta emukati asvika kune imwe chiyero, mhedzisiro yekudzikisa uye kuchenesa kushanda kweiyo degreasing agent inodonha zvakanyanya.Iko kuchena kweiyo yakabatwa workpiece pamusoro haizovandudzwe kunyangwe iyo yakakwira yekusangana kwetangi mhinduro inochengetwa nekuwedzera makemikari.Mvura inobvisa mafuta yasakara uye yaderera inofanira kutsiviwa netangi rose.
2. Acid pickling
Ngura inoitika pamusoro pesimbi inoshandiswa kugadzira chigadzirwa kana ichikungurutswa kana kuchengetwa nekutakurwa.Iyo ngura yakatsetseka ine yakasununguka chimiro uye haigone kusungirirwa zvakasimba kune hwaro zvinhu.Iyo oxide uye simbi yesimbi inogona kuumba yekutanga sero, iyo inowedzera kusimudzira simbi corrosion uye inoita kuti iyo coating iparadzwe nekukurumidza.Nokudaro, ngura inofanira kucheneswa isati yapenda.Ngura inowanzobviswa ne acid pickling.Nekukurumidza kumhanya kwekubvisa ngura uye nemutengo wakaderera, asidi pickling haizokanganisa simbi yekushanda uye inogona kubvisa ngura mumakona ese.Iyo pickling inofanirwa kusangana nemhando yezvinodiwa zvekuti hapafanirwe kuve neinooneka inooneka oxide, ngura uye yakawandisa-etching pane pickled workpiece.Izvo zvinhu zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro yekubvisa ngura zvakanyanya sezvinotevera.
2.1 Yemahara acidity (FA)
Kuyera acidity yemahara (FA) yetangi rekunhonga ndiyo yakananga uye inoshanda yekuongorora nzira yekuona mabvisiro ekubvisa ngura kwetangi rekunhonga.Kana iyo yemahara acidity yakaderera, ngura yekubvisa mhedzisiro haina kunaka.Kana iyo yemahara acidity yakanyanya kuwanda, iyo acid mhute yemukati munzvimbo yekushanda yakakura, iyo isingakodzeri kuchengetedzwa kwebasa;simbi yesimbi inotarisana ne "over-etching";uye zvakaoma kuchenesa yakasara asidhi, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kweinotevera tangi mhinduro.
2.2 Tembiricha uye nguva
Kazhinji pickling inoitwa mukamuri tembiricha, uye kupisa pickling inofanira kuitwa kubva 40 ℃ kusvika 70 ℃.Kunyange zvazvo tembiricha ine simba guru pakuvandudzwa kwesimba rekunhonga, tembiricha yakawandisa inokonzeresa kuora kwechishandiso nemidziyo uye zvinokanganisa nharaunda yekushanda.Nguva yepickling inofanira kuva shoma sezvinobvira kana ngura yabviswa zvachose.
2.3 Kusvibiswa uye kuchembera
Mukubvisa ngura, mushonga weasidhi ucharamba uchiunza mafuta kana zvimwe zvitsvina, uye tsvina yakaturikwa inogona kubviswa nekukweshwa.Kana simbi inonyungudika ichipfuura imwe yemukati, iyo ngura yekubvisa mhedzisiro yetangi mhinduro ichadzikiswa zvakanyanya, uye yakawandisa iron ion inosanganiswa mutangi rephosphate neiyo workpiece yakasara, ichimhanyisa kusvibiswa uye kuchembera kwephosphate tank solution, uye kukanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwephosphating yeworkpiece.
3. Surface activating
Surface activating agent inogona kubvisa kuenzana kweiyo workpiece pamusoro nekuda kwekubviswa kwemafuta nealkali kana ngura kubviswa nekunhonga, kuitira kuti nhamba huru yenzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekristaro dzinoumbwa pamusoro pesimbi, nekudaro ichimhanyisa kumhanya kwephosphate reaction uye kusimudzira kuumbwa. ye phosphate coatings.
3.1 Hunhu hwemvura
Iyo yakakomba yemvura ngura kana yakanyanya kuwanda kwecalcium uye magnesium ion mutangi mhinduro ichakanganisa kugadzikana kweiyo yepamusoro activating solution.Mvura inopfavisa inogona kuwedzerwa paunenge uchigadzira tangi mhinduro yekubvisa kukanganiswa kwemhando yemvura pamusoro peiyo activating solution.
3.2 Shandisa nguva
Surface activating agent inowanzogadzirwa necolloidal titanium munyu ine colloidal chiitiko.Basa re colloidal richarasika mushure mekunge mumiririri ashandiswa kwenguva yakareba kana kuti ion tsvina yakawedzerwa, zvichiita kuti kunyura uye kuiswa kwemvura yekugeza.Saka mvura yekugeza inofanira kutsiviwa.
4. Phosphating
Phosphating ikemikari uye electrochemical reaction process kuumba phosphate kemikari inoshandura coating, inozivikanwawo sephosphate coating.Yakadzika-tembiricha zinc phosphating mhinduro inowanzoshandiswa mukupenda mabhazi.Zvinangwa zvikuru zvephosphating ndezvekupa dziviriro kune hwaro simbi, kudzivirira simbi kubva mukuora kusvika padanho rakati, uye kuvandudza kugona kwekunamatira uye corrosion yekudzivirira yependi firimu layer.Phosphating ndiyo yakakosha chikamu chese pretreatment process, uye ine yakaoma maitiro ekuita uye zvinhu zvakawanda, saka zvakanyanya kunetsa kudzora magadzirirwo ekugadzirwa kwephosphate bath fluid pane imwe mvura yekugezera.
4.1 Acid ratio (reshiyo yeasidhi yakazara kune yemahara acidity)
Yakawedzera acid ratio inogona kukurumidza kuita chiyero che phosphating uye kugadzira phosphatingcoatingmutete.Asi yakawandisa asidhi reshiyo ichaita kuti runyoro runyoro rwakanyanya, izvo zvinokonzeresa madota kune phosphating workpiece;yakaderera asidhi reshiyo inononoka phosphating reaction yekumhanya, kuderedza corrosion kuramba, uye kuita kuti phosphating crystal iite coarse uye porous, zvichizotungamira kune yero ngura pane phosphating workpiece.
4.2 Tembiricha
Kana kutonhora kwemvura yekugeza kuchiwedzerwa zvakakodzera, kukurumidza kwekuputira kuumbwa kunowedzera.Asi yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha inokanganisa shanduko yeasidhi ratio uye kugadzikana kwemvura yekugezesa, uye kuwedzera huwandu hwe slag kubva mumvura yekugezesa.
4.3 Kuwanda kwesediment
Nekuenderera mberi kwephosphate reaction, huwandu hwesediment mumvura yekugezera huchawedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye yakawandisa sediment ichakanganisa workpiece surface interface reaction, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kwephosphate coating.Saka mvura yekugezesa inofanira kudururwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwebasa rakagadziriswa uye nguva yekushandisa.
4.4 Nitrite NO-2 (concentration of accelerating agent)
NO-2 inogona kumhanyisa kumhanya kwephosphate reaction, kuvandudza denseness uye corrosion kuramba kwephosphate coating.Yakanyanya kukwira NO-2 yemukati inoita kuti iyo yekubikira ive nyore kuburitsa mavara machena, uye yakaderera yemukati inoderedza kumhanyisa kwekugadzira uye kuburitsa yero ngura pane phosphate coating.
4.5 Sulfate radical SO2-4
Kunyanya kuwandisa kwepickling solution kana kushomeka kwekuwacha kunogona kuwedzera zviri nyore sulfate radical muphosphate bath fluid, uye yakawandisa sulfate ion inonotsa kukurumidza kuita phosphate, zvichikonzera kukoromoka uye porous phosphate coating crystal, uye kuderera kwekusaora.
4.6 Ferrous ion Fe2+
Yakanyanya ferrous ion yemukati mumushonga wephosphate inoderedza kushomeka kwekupotera kwefosfate pane tembiricha yekamuri, kuita kuti phosphate inonamira crystal ive yakaoma pane yepakati tembiricha, kuwedzera sediment yephosphate solution pakupisa kwakanyanya, kuita kuti mhinduro ive madhaka, uye kuwedzera acidity yemahara.
5. Kudzima
Chinangwa chekuvhara ndechekuvhara mapores efosfate coating, kunatsiridza corrosion yayo kuramba, uye kunyanya kuvandudza iyo yakazara adhesion uye corrosion kuramba.Parizvino, kune nzira mbiri dzekudzima, kureva, chromium uye isina chromium.Nekudaro, alkaline inorganic munyu inoshandiswa kuita deactivation uye yakawanda yemunyu ine phosphate, carbonate, nitrite uye phosphate, iyo inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya kunamatira kwenguva refu uye kushomeka kwekudzivirira.coatings.
6. Kugeza mvura
Chinangwa chekugeza mvura ndechekubvisa mvura yakasara pane yebasa rekushanda kubva kune yakapfuura yekugezesa mvura, uye kunaka kwekugezwa kwemvura kunokanganisa zvakananga phosphating kunaka kweiyo workpiece uye kugadzikana kwemvura yekugezesa.Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinofanira kudzorwa panguva yekugeza mvura yemvura yekugezesa.
6.1 Zviri mukati medhaka remarara hazvifanirwe kunge zvakanyanyisa.Yakanyanya kukwira inokonzeresa madota pane workpiece pamusoro.
6.2 Pamusoro pemvura yekugeza inofanira kunge isina tsvina yakaturikwa.Kushambidzika kwemvura kunoputika kunowanzo shandiswa kuve nechokwadi kuti hapana mafuta akamiswa kana mamwe matsvina pamvura yekugezesa.
6.3 Iyo pH kukosha kwemvura yekugezesa inofanira kuva pedyo nekusarerekera.Kunyanya kukwira kana kuderera pH kukosha kunokonzeresa kugezesa kwemvura yekugezesa, zvichikanganisa kugadzikana kwemvura yekugezesa inotevera.
Nguva yekutumira: May-23-2022